Applications of biology for the welfare of mankind ~ Biology

The science of biology has been helping mankind in a number of ways,some of which are following:

CHEMOTHERAPY:-

CHEMO------Chemical or drugs

THERAPY---Treatment

Definition:-

It is the treatment of cancer or other disease with drugs that can destroy cancer cells and cure disease.

Working of Chemotherapy:-

Normal cells grow and die in a controlled manner.When cancer occurs,cells in the body that are not normal keep dividing and forming more cells without control.Anticancer drugs destroy cancer cells by stopping them from growing or multiplying.

Side effects of chemotherapy:-

Due to regular use of anticancer drugs,the surrounding healthy cells are also damaged,which is known as side effect of chemotherapy.

CLONING:-

The process in which individual or population of genetical identicals are produced without fertilization.

Types of cloning:-

1. DNA Cloning:-

It is a technology used to produce duplicate copy of DNA fragment in BACTERIAL cell.

2.Embryo Cloning:-

It is a technology used to produce animal embryo from stem cell and not to create a whole organism.

3.Reproductive Cloning:-

It is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another.

Example:-

Dolly (a sheep) in 1997,was created by reproductive cloning.The steps of the process are:

1.Somatic cells taken from the under cells (mammary gland cell) of a finn Dorest ewe.

2.An unfertilized egg cell taken from blackface ewe and the nucleus was removed from it.

3.The two cells (somatic cell + unfertilized cell) are fuse by an electric pulse,and then place it in the uterus (womb) of blackface ewe.

4.After a period,the pregnant blackface ewe gives birth to a baby sheep,just like "finn dorest ewe",whose name is "dolly".

IMMUNIZATION:-

The process used to develop immunity is known as immunization.

Immunity:-

The ability of the body,which resist against the disease is known as immunity.

Vaccine:-

The harmless substance which is prepared from microbes and that stimulate the immunity system to create defence against the actual pathogens.

Vaccination:-

"Immunization with vaccines is called vaccination".

Types of vaccination:-

1.Lived vaccines:-

"These vaccines are obtained from living modified microbes".

It stimulate the immunity system of organism,which develop antibodies against the actual pathogens.

They usually required in a single dose and are more effective than the killed vaccines.

2.Killed vaccines:-

"These vaccines are prepared from organisms (microbes), that have been killed by heat or chemicals".

These vaccines contain chemical substances which stimulate the immunity system of organisms.

They are usually more safe, but less effective and required in many dose.

HYDROPONICS:-

Hyrdo---------water

ponics---------culture.

Definition:-

"The cultivation of plants in soilless substance or water,through which solution of essential dissolved inorganic nutrients is pumped"

Example:-

Plants like tomato,spinach and cucumber etc are grown in water culture.

Importance:-

1.Due to it disease resistant and better varieties of plants can grow.

2.Such plants require limited nutrition.

3.The plants grown on this method are mostly used for research purposes.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:-

Definition:-

"The control of pests with the help of living organisms instead of chemicals (pesticides) is called biological control".

Importance:-

1.It is very easy method.
2.They have no side effect.
3.It is not harmful for environment and health.
4.they donot cause any kind of pollution.

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Biology

Tuesday 22 October 2013